Foreign Trade Policy - 1508 Words

†Critical analysis of new Foreign Trade Policy 2009-14 of Govt. of India† The Foreign Trade Policy 2009-14 of the Govt. of India is a â€Å"holistic strategy, driving export growth to new markets and addressing issues of labour-intensive export and intensive export and transaction cost effectively.† On trade climate and export target The world has not witnessed in the last seven decades a situation as it has been in recent years and it is very important that the Government steps in the act as a facilitator to intensive exporters to get them out of what we may call the tsunami. Objectives of last 2 policies of Foreign Trade of Govt. of India 1) 2004-2009 The last 5 years (2004-09) FTP was released on 1st September in the year 2004.†¦show more content†¦3. Incentive available under FMS raised from 2.5% to 3%. 4. Incentive available under Focus Product Scheme (FPS) raised from 1.25% to 2%. 5. Widens scope for products to be included for benefits under FPS. Additional engineering products, plastic and some electronics get a look in. 6.Market Linked Focus Product Scheme (MLFPS) expanded by inclusion of products like pharmaceuticals, textile fabrics, rubber products, glass products,auto components, motor cars, bicycle and its parts.etc. Benefits to these products will be provided, if exports are made to 13 identified markets (Algeria, Egypt, Kenya, Nigeria,South Africa, Tanzania, Brazil, Mexico, Ukraine, Vietnam, Cambodia, Australia and New Zealand). 7. Common simplified application form introduced for taking benefits under FPS, FMS, MLFPS and VKGUY. 8. Higher allocation for Market Development Assistance (MDA) and Market Access Initiative (MAI) 9. To aid technological upgradation of export sector, EPCG Scheme at Zero Duty has been introduced. 10. Jaipur, Srinagar and Anantnag have been recognised as‘Towns of Export Excellence’ for handicrafts; Kanpur,Dewas and Ambur for leather products; and Malihabad for horticultural products. 11. Export obligation on import of spares, moulds etc. under EPCG Scheme has been reduced by 50%. 12. Taking into account the decline in exports, the facility of Re-fixation of Annual Average Export Obligation for a particularShow MoreRelatedForeign Trade Policy1516 Words   |  7 Pages†Critical analysis of new Foreign Trade Policy 2009-14 of Govt. of India† The Foreign Trade Policy 2009-14 of the Govt. of India is a â€Å"holistic strategy, driving export growth to new markets and addressing issues of labour-intensive export and intensive export and transaction cost effectively.† On trade climate and export target The world has not witnessed in the last seven decades a situation as it has been in recent years and it is very important that the Government steps in the act asRead MoreForeign Policy : Trade With Foreign Nations854 Words   |  4 PagesForeign Policy – Trade with Foreign Nations The policy issue I have chosen is trade with foreign nations. The approach that the United States government has adopted to address foreign trade is varied depending on the nation in question. For some nations, the United States has what is called a Free Trade Agreement which is an â€Å"arrangement among two or more countries under which they agree to eliminate tariffs and nontariff barriers on trade in goods among themselves† (Cooper, Free Trade Agreements:Read MoreForeign Investment And Trade Policy1565 Words   |  7 PagesForeign Investment and Trade Policy: Brazil can be seen as country that is open and inviting foreign investments. Brazil remains the top destination for FDI in the Latin American region and according the A.T. Kearney Foreign Direct Investment Confidence Index for 2015, Brazil is ranked #6 as a global FDI destination. FDI inflows into Brazil stood at USD 60.5 billion as on Feb 2015, (Central bank of Brazil). The US Department of State’s report on Brazil states that Brazil is a foreign investment friendlyRead MoreIndia: Foreign Trade Policy769 Words   |  4 Pageshttp://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/SOUTHASIAEXT/EXTSARREGTOPINTECOTRA/0,,contentMDK:20592520~menuPK:579454~pagePK:34004173~piPK:34003707~theSitePK:579448,00.html India: Foreign Trade Policy | | | | | India: Foreign Trade PolicyAlthough India  has steadily opened up its economy, its tariffs continue to be high when compared with other countries, and its investment norms are still restrictive. This leads some to see India as a ‘rapid globalizer’ while others still see it asRead MoreForeign Policy And Trade Regulation1862 Words   |  8 PagesEuropean integration in areas such as justice, currency, foreign policy and trade regulation. As it stands, member nations are incredibly intertwined in common policies which serve to create a unified Europe. However, one large area that has been left untouched by integration has been a common, European military. Though European member states are highly integrated as part of their membership in the EU, Europe’s currently military policies are insufficient, and their inability to create a militaryRead MoreThe Impact Of Foreign Policy On International Trade Essay1494 Words   |  6 Pagesinternational trade, many people h ave posed their opinion about what the role of government should be in it. Different factors are involved when it comes to deciding what this should be. It impacts a lot of people, so in order to do that, trade policy must be properly defined, identify what the roles of government currently are, and their involvement in it, and then analyse what should be their role. Trade policy is how a country carries out trade with other countries (Commercial Policy, n.d). EvenRead MoreAn Explanation Of The Bushs Foreign Trade Policy1399 Words   |  6 PagesBushs foreign trade policy is broadly described as a fair trade policy based on the multi-track system. Multi-track system refers to the policy of unilateral, bilateral, regional and multilateral parallelism in conducting foreign trade. Unilateralism means that once the United States believes that the trade practices of other countries threaten or even infringe on the economic interests of the United States or related industries, it can unilaterally resort to the domestic trade laws andRead MoreThe Role Of Government And Foreign Trade Policies Essay1588 Words   |  7 PagesGovernment should play in trade policy has been long debated over the years and is constantly changing to keep up with the needs and wants of a country. International trade policies are vital to any countries prosperity, and more specifically the economic development. Trade Policy is a set of rules and guidelines that determine how a country acts towards another in regards to trade and global business whether it be through free-trade or protectionism. The Governments role in trade policies include regulationRead MoreThe Foreign Trade of Bangladesh - Its Composition, Performance, Trend, and Policy6029 Words   |  25 PagesThe Foreign Trade of B angladesh: Its Composition, Performance, Trend, and Policy Mohammad Mafizur Rahman Abstract Despite structural limitations in the Bangladesh economy, the export sector performed well throughout the 1990s. The export growth rate of Bangladesh was higher than that of the world and the SAARC countries. However, the balance of trade of Bangladesh was always in deficit and the trade deficit with India is huge. The export share of primary commodities has decreased while thatRead MoreInternational Investment And Trade : Foreign Policy Goals And Consumer Safety1604 Words   |  7 Pagesregards to international investment and trade, a government’s political proposals are deeply in conflict with its economic arguments (Heuet, 2015) despite both being implemented with the focal objective to improve a country’s market efficiency and competitiveness. Despite the concern and view that government intervention results in protecting the interests’ of producers at the expense of consumer interests, it is imperative to recognise that imposed trade barriers, such as tariffs, taxes and quotas

The Human Resource Function - 1853 Words

Human resources on the whole, encompasses a vast amount of responsibilities. â€Å"Human resource management (HRM) is the organizational function with responsibility for attracting, retaining, and managing the people who make up organizations. (Bogardus, p. 2, 2004) We will be identifying and looking at some of the important functions that HRM performs, and how these functions are essential and contribute to the growth of the organization. Recruitment and Employee Selection Recruiting and selecting employees is one of the key functions that the human resource department performs for an organization. This is also known as the workforce plan or workforce planning . Workforce planning is a systematic process for identifying the human capital†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"The core of the workforce planning process should occur after strategy has been determined and needed capabilities have been identified† (Christensen, p. 124, 2005) The long term goals of the business need to be kept in mind at all times. Utilization of Human Capital Resources Oxford Dictionary (2013), defines human capital as, â€Å"The skills, knowledge, and experience possessed by an individual or population, viewed in terms of their value or cost to an organization or country.† Utilizing the human capital to its fullest and most efficient extent in another important function of HRM. The utilization of human capitol should be part of a companies strategic plan. â€Å"Part of strategic planning is mapping an organizations human capital.† (Bohlander and Snell, p. 82, 2012) HRM plays an important role in this aspect of strategic planning, which in turn hopefully ensures the longevity of the company. â€Å"Human capital represents the human factor in the organization; the combined intelligence, skills and expertise that gives the organization its distinctive character. The human elements of the organization are those that are capable of learning, changing, innovating and providing the creative thrust which if properly motivated can ensure the long-term survival of the organization.† Bontis et al, 1999 (as cited in Armstrong, p. 73, 2012) The human capital of an organization should be viewed as an asset. â€Å"Although the value ofShow MoreRelatedHuman Resource Functions Of The Human Resources Department1770 Words   |  8 Pagesin the waters of our areas of expertise into the deep and sometimes turbulent waves of the unknown; Human Resources. Human Resource functions include: Payroll, Employment Tax, Recruitment, Hiring, Employee Relations, Termination, Regulatory Compliance and Training to name a few. Each of these functions demanded specific skill sets and experience. They also began to expend valuable time and resources. The reality is that when reviewing a successful business plan there are two major areas to consider;Read MoreFunctions Of Human Resource Management1632 Words   |  7 Pages Primary function human resource management can divide into primary and secondary function primary function is directly involved with obtaining, maintaining and developing employee. Primary function included human resource planning, equal employment opportunity, staffing, recruitment, and selection. Compensation and benefit, employee, labor relation health, safety and security and human resource development. Secondary function included organization, job design, performance appraisal system, andRead MoreThe Function Of A Human Resources Department Essay1368 Words   |  6 Pagessmall, has a human resource department that oversees and organizes all of the hiring for the business, the training of new employees, employee benefit programs, payroll, and so much more. Small business tends to overlook any guidance in human resources. Human resource is defined as the skills, knowledge, and motivation of people. The first step is understanding what the function of a Human Resources Department. The function of a human resources department is made up of six key functions and each ofRead MoreOutsourcing The Human Resource Function1422 Words   |  6 PagesOutsourcing the human resource function has many advantages and disadvantages for organizations. When companies operate on a global sca le, outsourcing that functions adds another layer of complexity. When evaluating various options for this department, research should be performed on (a) the culture of staffing operations on foreign soil (b) the structure of the human resource function in a global organization and (c) recruiting talent for a multinational corporation needs to be performed. ThisRead MoreHuman Resource Function Of A Company855 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction The human resource function of a company can easily be deemed as the most important section of a company. Human resource management is considered the lifeline of an organization mainly because it plays a major role with the hiring of staff, ensures the health and well-being of employees while working, and ensures the organization is in compliance going forward. Importance of Human Resource Management From a budget control standpoint, human resources explore methods to save the organizationRead MoreThe Human Resource Function Of Management1447 Words   |  6 PagesManagement of human resources is a very dynamic concept whose excision requires a delicate touch. Human resource refers to the mass of staff within an organization. It is from the synergistic effect of these members that the organization is able to formulate a vision, develop strategies and implement them towards the realization of this vision. A consistent approach towards the management of this resource is therefore a very critical asset for an organization. Generally, the human resource function of managementRead MoreThe Human Resource Management Function Essay1228 Words   |  5 Pagesshrinking the cultural and physical borders between countries for trade through the relaxed legal framework. Due to the increasing globalization the multi-national companies have to face new challenges to work efficiently across the borders. Human resource management function has to be reshaped to operate in new countries. Despite all the advantages of adopting the parent companies’ familiar practices, it does not prove to be effective in all countries (Brewster Mayrhofer, 2015). There is a significantRead MoreThe Human Resource Function At Axa1402 Words   |  6 PagesThe human resource function is an important aspect in the insurance industry. With the recent advancement in the various industries, including insurance, it is important that the HR function evolve with these developments to guarantee success of companies in this industry. The HR role is becoming more challenging and demands a more strategic approach to cope with the competition that is being experienced in various industries. The scope of this report is to discuss the human resource function atRead MoreFunctions Of A Human Resource Management Essay2160 Words   |  9 Pageswill be researching and identifying the six main functions of a Human Resource Management (HRM) department, or simply just HR, and some changes they have went through over the years. Historically evolved from personnel and became human resources to meet the ever more complex rules, laws, and regulations that has developed over the years. HR is looked at as a system devised for the management of people inside an organization or business. Human Resource Management (HRM) includes a variety of task suchRead MoreFunctions of Human Resource Management3887 Words   |  15 PagesHuman resource management Introduction Human resource management (HRM) incorporates various functions. The primary function of HRM is to increase the effectiveness and contribution of employees in the attainment of the goals and objectives of the organization. There are many areas in which HRM can be applied to help in this primary function. These areas will be discussed in detail in this paper as well as how they relate to HRM and how they work together to help in the achievement of the primary

Knowledge Management in Public Sector Organizations Free Essays

Introduction Knowledge itself is an abstract concept but its application can be seen in every walk of life. Knowledge and innovation go hand in hand and together they generate success for the development of any society. Knowledge accumulation creates value and it is this wealth which has transformed the agrarian societies into industrialized nations (Milner, 2000). We will write a custom essay sample on Knowledge Management in Public Sector Organizations or any similar topic only for you Order Now Knowledge gives a competitive edge to companies as it is one of the most useful resources that they possess. However in this fast pace world one has to cope with the changing needs of the environment and utilize the knowledge in the most efficient manner in order to extract its full potential. Moreover the rapid pace of technology has facilitated this entire process and Internet has changed the landscape of business environments. Today’s economies are knowledge based economies (Emrich, 2005). Peter Drucker said, â€Å"The Purpose of management is the productivity of knowledge† (Kelly, 2004) There are various definitions of knowledge management, however to put it simple it is the management process within the organization that deals with the collection, organization and sharing of knowledge in the enterprise which is then integrated, evaluated and developed and distributed to all the other parts of the organization. Knowledge management has become an integral part of managerial activity as it helps to take right decisions at the right time with the real information in hand. This information is then provided to all the members of the organization (Gurrieri, 2008). In other words this knowledge is transferred to other products and services of the company which helps in value creation. This also helps in giving an enterprise a strategic edge over other firms. Knowledge management on the whole is not just confined to information technology only but it covers all the aspects such as the employees, the processes and the workflow, which means that knowledge management doesnâ₠¬â„¢t have to be limited to information technology though there is no doubt that technology plays an integral role in the KM but our focus of this paper is going to be on the aspect of technology and knowledge management in the public sector firms particularly our focus is going to be on the education sector here (Hetland et al, 2007). The distribution of tasks among the knowledge management dimensions Source: (Milner, 2000) Information technology and knowledge management in the Public Sector The way we access the information has now changed due to which the relevance of knowledge management has increased over the period of time. Therefore all the firms including the public sector organizations through the aid of knowledge workers are investing more in technology in order to make use of newer applications to increase productivity, accountability and transparency in order to increase the level of efficiency and to improvise the entire process of public sector reforms. Government sector organizations are knowledge based due to which this area of study is of so much importance to them. They need its application at the local regional and national level (Milner, 2000). When we talk about technology and management together, this means that data warehousing is an essential element of the KM. there are several software’s that are used to assimilate the information and distribute it among the various organs of the firm such as document management systems, e learning tools, objected oriented databases, artificial intelligence, real time access to a firms data base, enterprise information portals (ERP). These and several other IT programs tend to be effective tools for the management of the information without which work is not possible. The public sector organizations have also entered into this digital age of electronic means especially after the advent of policies like the ICT (Kelly, 2004).The public sector therefore fulfills its responsibility by recruiting the best people for the development of knowledge, growth and learning because it has to accomplish the following goals: Knowledge development and provide information unlike the private sector Promote knowledge for every one Quality Management efficiency The structure of the government matters in this context because as the government has to take care of the intellectual rights Knowledge Kiosks (Watts and Lloyd, 2004) The analytical knowledge management framework (Steyn and Kahn, 2008) The above diagram shows various elements of the knowledge management. It is an integration of people, processes, technology which together create value. In the government sector knowledge gets dispersed because governments are segmented by state and local level. Other than that as per the government policy the government keeps on changing due to which the current government gets to learn from the previous one, this gives an opportunity to the government to every time learn from its experiences and improve its system through good governance (Slabbert, 2004). Knowledge management in the government sector paves the way for incorporating the electronic means into the government sector. The ICT infrastructure helps the government to achieve its goals and to educate the citizens of the country to have access to quality information which they can utilize and also they themselves can bring value to the nation through knowledge sharing (Beal and Thomas, 2004). The public sector organizations depends more on people based approach but to do so they have to come up with an appropriate framework for knowledge management. Moreover it has been seen that the level of accountability is stricter in the public sector organizations as compared to the private sector but studies have shown that the public sector organizations have been slow in terms of adaptability relative to private sector (Alleman, 1992). This is owing to the lack of awareness, rigid policies, people are not willing to share because they don’t see much incentive in doing so and also people on the public sector are less resistant to change. The entire set up is based on bureaucracy and the goal is not profit maximization. People working in the domain of public sector are more inclined towards the national interest and they are not self centered as they put their personal interest secondary. The public sector organizations face constant competition from the private sector, NGOà ¢â‚¬â„¢s, the government of other countries, All these reasons justify as to why the models for the knowledge management are taken from the public sector unlike the private sector where the culture, the interest, perception and everything differs. However the traditional approach of the public sector sometimes becomes a hurdle in the development of knowledge (Burr and Girardi, 2003). Every firm has its own set of requirements and based on them they create their model of knowledge management and technology is always changing so the public sector firms also adopt different technological infrastructure based on their requirements. There are a collection of technologies that are used in the process which together constitute the software. The reason why these firms spend so much on this software’s is because they need up to date information for better decision making. Government sector tries to incorporate IT into their solutions for better performance. Knowledge Management and the Education in the Agricultural Sector Generally the concept of knowledge management can be applied in all government sectors such as education, transportation, health care and so on. However, this paper will be focusing mainly on the education sector which can be uplifted and further developed by the knowledge management strategies. Education is by all means one of the most significant sectors of a countries economy. It is the back bone of the nation which paves the way for the future growth and development. Therefore this sector is given utmost importance because its development is the nation’s development (Cook et al, 2004). We will take into consideration the education of the agricultural sector of the country through knowledge management systems. There are many ways to achieve this like research into innovative ways to develop the sector and the development of the learning programmes for the all the stakeholders for better yield and growth. This can be done in a number of ways as follows: The systems can be used to do an assessment of the human resource of the business. Human resource is the life blood of the business therefore their input plays a crucial role for the development of the sector. The management systems can be used to facilitate agricultural sector through the deployment of case studies and various tools relevant to the agricultural education. The sharing of the knowledge and the use of newer techniques and methods among the communities The private sector can also help the public sector in meeting their goals through the induction of their systems and technologies. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has facilitated all the sectors. Similarly it can be used to impart agricultural information to employ newer software’s and implementation of newer systems to navigate the progress and learning (Watts and Lloyd, 2004). Open and Distance learning is an effective tool which can be used by the agricultural sector to enhance their learning and can be used for the development of the professionals in the field. Knowledge sharing systems can also be used to manage the work and distribute the knowledge among the stakeholders (Vilma, 2008). Technology has advanced so much that it is on the sector and the expertise of the knowledge workers that are employed to make use of the variant opportunities and their knowledge to develop and upgrade systems which are able to meet the standards because there is no end to innovation and more and more learning tools and techniques can be employed with the passage of time for growth and development (Torgerson and Elbourne, 2002). UK government increased ICT expenditure for the next three years Those governments which have been valuing the concept of knowledge management will also reap benefits out of it. The UK government in the year 2008 increased their budget for the ICT to an amount of 2.9 billion pounds. The idea was to give a further boost to the education sector by utilizing the technology and improve governmental performance and strengthen the education sector of the country (Tearle, 2004).The main motives behind such a move were as follows: Better coordination with the parents through online facilities Newer learning methodologies for the improvement of the curriculum Enhance the resources available to the sector and increased participation This would also improve the performance of the educational sector through better monitoring and control However in both the cases that is agriculture and the education sector of UK, the government takes all these measures then it has to look into the training of the staff because people need to be equipped with newer software’s and technologies and they need to be well versed in that in order to use it effectively (Tearle, 2004). By doing so the government also raises the opportunities and market for the firms in the private sector because then firms such as Microsoft and open source firms try to get into the market by being the supplier of technology to the sector, hence it creates employment and development of both private and public sector (John, 2002). There are many specialized firms in the market which are willing to provide assistance to the government’s public sector initiatives through their advance systems. Companies such as Informa, it is specialized in providing advanced knowledge and services to the public sector. They have services such as data monitor, Informa Economics and Agra for the agricultural sector. The company has clients worldwide including governments and other corporate sector businesses such as Pfizer and EU and WTO. Hence the government has an opportunity to make use of external sources to improve their knowledge based systems in the sector (Paolo, 2010). Innovations in the education sector mean the achievement of high standard of education. These are the performance measures used by the government. The role of knowledge management is to look for newer ways to develop the different institutions of the sector. Education gives a competitive advantage to a nation. This is why all the organizations are systemically looking for newer ways to achieve excellence. Through the use of knowledge management the universities will be able to retain more students and it will also help them in the research process. Knowledge management helps in the strategic management process (Polkinghorn,1992). The government can make use of web based systems in which it can collect the grants from the donors. However those donors need information in order to make effective decisions and this is where knowledge management plays an important role as it helps the donors to decide and then function. It can be used to share information among grant makers. The organization can also make knowledge management systems and form a network in which they can share their problems and have person to person connections with one another for better understanding (John, ,2002). There can be issues in the knowledge management because The culture does not support knowledge management Lack of funds for knowledge management Lack of training Uncoordinated knowledge management roles Inability of senior management to incorporate newer measures and look for opportunities Lack of competence of the firm to measure financial benefits (Steyn and Kahn, 2008). Conclusion The concept of knowledge management is not new to the government. The government has significant opportunities it and the related informational technology opportunities associated with it. However it is on the ability of the government that how well they able to integrate this concept into the organizational culture of the firm and promote knowledge management which will further help them to grow and achieve competency (Emma et al, 2005). Private and public sector firms have some form of similarity in developing a framework for knowledge management but the public sector organization needs to be more careful as it has stricter regulatory practices. References Alleman, J. (1992), Empowerment of Employees – Private Sector Models in Public Education, Labor Law Journal, 43 (8), p477. Beal, B.D. and Thomas, D.E. (2004), Strategic Options for Managing Intellectual Asset Flows in the Information Sector, Journal of Managerial Issues, 16 (4), p442-459. Burr, R. and Girardi, A. (2003), The influence of social context factors on perceptions of procedural justice in the public sector, Australian Journal of Psychology, 55, p117-117. Cook, S., Macaulay, S. and Coldicott, H. (2004), Change Management Excellence: Using the Four Intelligences for Successful Organizational Change, Kogan Page. Emma, P., Clare, K., Tim, M. and Shaun, T. (2005), Comparing HRM in the voluntary and public sectors, Personnel Review, 34 (5) p588-602. Emrich, A.B. (2005), Start ‘Knowledge Revolution’ Now. (cover story), Grand Rapids Business Journal, 23 (49), p1-8. Gurrieri, A.R. (2008), Knowledge network dissemination in a family-firm sector, Journal of Socio-Economics, 37 (6), p2380-2389. Hetland, H., Sandal, G.M. and Johnsen, T.B. (2007), Burnout in the information technology sector: Does leadership matter?, European Journal of Work Organizational Psychology, 16 (1), p58-75. John, O., (2002), Wiring Governments: Challenges and Possibilities for Public Managers, Praeger. Kelly, A. (2004), The Intellectual Capital of Schools: Measuring and Managing Knowledge, Responsibility and Reward: Lessons from the Commercial Sector, 1 edition, Springer. Milner, E. (2000), Managing Information and Knowledge in the Public Sector, 1 edition, Routledge. Polkinghorn J.R. (1992), Accelerating â€Å"At-Risk† Students, Journal of Labor Research, 3 (1), p11. Slabbert, A.D. (2004), Conflict management styles in traditional organizations, Social Science Journal, 41 (1), p83. Steyn, C. and Kahn, M. (2008), Towards the development of a knowledge management practices survey for application in knowledge intensive organizations, South African Journal of Business Management, 39 (1) p45-53. Paolo, B. (2010), ICT for education projects, Information Technology for Development, 16 (3) p232-239. Tearle, P. (2004), A theoretical and instrumental framework for implementing change in ICT in education, Cambridge Journal of Education, 34 (3), p331-351. Torgerson, C.J. and Elbourne, D. (2002), A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness of information and communication technology (ICT) on the teaching of spelling, Journal of Research in Reading, 25 (2), p129. Vilma, L. (2008), Sector reputation and public organizations, International Journal of Public Sector Management, 21 (5) p446-467. Watts, M. and Lloyd, C. (2004), Original article The use of innovative ICT in the active pursuit of literacy, Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 20 (1), p50-58. How to cite Knowledge Management in Public Sector Organizations, Essay examples