African American and American Society Essay Example for Free

African American and American Society Essay African Americans No matter where or when a person lives, skin color, beliefs, class, or history he/she will see a difference in the way every ethnic group is treated. This world has never been fair for anyone. Life can treat a person with the greatest of care or it will treat a person as if he/she is lower than dirt. African Americans are no different. They have faced great hardships and triumphs throughout the years. Since they had been forced from their homeland they have been treated as if they had no rights or thoughts of their own. They were placed in the status of slaves even though they were human beings too. No matter if they were placed in the minority group by the dominate majority group of white Americans they remind structurally pluralism by keeping to their beliefs and traditions. Before and after slavery African Americans did not receive equal treatment. â€Å"Even when slavery ended, Jim Crow laws went into effect meaning that the very best of everything was reserved for white’s only-school, jobs, neighborhoods, hospitals, etc. † (Moore, 2008). In other words, the African Americans took the subordinate status to the dominant white Americans. Their race was used to dictate what rights they would be allowed to have in America. At one point, they did not have the right to be free and over the years they were given that right back. Even though they regained their right to be free, they still were not very free. They were only allowed to eat in certain places, drink from certain fountains, and ride in the back of the bus. This is not what would be called very free. They were not even given the opportunities to receive a quality education or to vote. â€Å"With the 1896 Supreme Court decision in the case of Plessy v. Ferguson, the separate by equal doctrine was upheld, and the system of segregation in the South was securely in place† (Merger, 2012, pg. 169). When it came to getting a quality education, they were placed at the bottom of the totem pole. The whites receive the best opportunities for receiving a quality education while the African Americans were not. It was not until the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka case that African Americans were allowed a better education. â€Å"Separate schools were inherently unequal and imposed an inferior status on black children, causing irreparable psychological change† (Merger, 2012, pg. 173). The rights as citizens were also being denied by not allowing them to vote and make a proper living to take care of theirfamilies. Years ago, African Americans were not allowed to vote, so they had no say in the laws that were made that would deny them their rights as American citizens or human beings. This kept them from changing the laws that kept them from achieving economically and politically. The Civil Right Movement began a new era for African American. It was their gain of the right to vote and be elected to office that gave the some power over their rights as human beings and citizen in the economic and political environment. Even after everything that the African Americans have gone through, they still face prejudice and discrimination in all areas of their lives. It is no wonder that for some it feels as if it is never over. No matter what a person looks like, how he/she talks, their beliefs, where he/she lives, how much money he/she has, or what race he/she may come from we all bleed red and where cut from the same cloth. We all deserve to have the opportunities and resources that are out there to help better ourselves. African Americans are human beings too and they have the same rights as everyone else.

William Faulkners As I Lay Dying :: Lay Dying William Faulkner Essays

William Faulkner's As I Lay Dying Works Cited Missing   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Fulfilling a promise they had made to their mother, Addie, Cash, Darl, Jewel, Dewey Dell, and Vardaman, in William Faulkner's As I Lay Dying, journey across the Mississippi countryside to bring her body to be buried in Jefferson, alongside her immediate family. Each one, in turn, narrates the events of this excursion as they are perceived. Though all of the family members are going through the same experiences, each one expresses what they see and how they feel by exercising their individual powers and limitations of language. What each character says as well as how he/she says it gives insight into that character's underlying meanings.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Darl, for example, uses his linguistic skills to gain power as narrator. He possesses the ability to pick up on things unsaid and to read other people's actions. Dewey Dell describes his intuitiveness when she says that â€Å" he said he knew without the words, and I knew he knew because if he had said he knew with words I would not have believed†¦and that's why I can talk to him with knowing with hating with because he knows† (27). He uses his gift of realizing things without them having to actually be told to him to gain credibility with the reader. Who would doubt a narrator who possesses that type of adroitness? Also, his language is clear and reflective. He uses similes and metaphors and appears to have an acute awareness of spatial relationships. Darl's sophisticated perception and poetic linguistics give him the means of reaching for and maintaining his role as a competent observer and reporter. However, his position does create certain problems for his siblings. Tull describes Darl's â€Å"look† as being uncanny. "He is looking at me. He dont say nothing; just looks at me with them queer eyes of hisn that makes folks talk. I always say it aint never been what he done so much or said or anything so much as how he looks at you. It's like he had got into the inside of you, someway. Like somehow you was looking at yourself and your doing outen his eyes." (125)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is the same penetrating gaze that gives Darl so much power that makes the others around him so uncomfortable, especially Dewey Dell. She feels that his strange knowledge of what has not been said is an invasion of her privacy. â€Å"The land runs out of Darl's eyes; they swim to pin points. They begin at my feet and rise along my body to my face, and then my dress is gone: I sit naked on the seat above the unhurrying mules, above the travail† (121).

Displays the result Essay

To improve legibility the comments are displayed to the right of every TOM line of code, and not in the standard style. read keyin Reads data inputted by keyboard and stores in the store location keyin load keyin Loads data from the store location keyin in to the accumulator sub minus Subtracts the store location minus from the accumulator store display Stores value in accumulator in the store location display print display Displays contents of the store location display on the screen stop Stops program execution minus data. 1 Initialises a store location minus with the value 1 in it keyin data 0 Initialises a store location keyin with the value 0 in it display data 0 Initialises a store location display with the value 0 in it 2. Write a TOM program that reads a number from the keyboard, multiplies it by 2, reads another number b from the keyboard, multiplies it by 3, and then displays the result. In other words, evaluate 2*a+3*b. read keyin1 Reads data inputted by keyboard and stores in the store location keyin1 load keyin1 Loads data from the store location keyin1 in to the accumulator mult val1 Multiplies the accumulator by the store location val1 store display Stores value in accumulator in the store location display read keyin2. Reads data inputted by keyboard and stores in the store location keyin2 load keyin2 Loads data from the store location keyin2 in to the accumulator mult val2 Multiplies the accumulator by the store location val2 add display Adds the store location display to the accumulator store total Stores value in accumulator in the store location total print total Displays contents of the store location total on the screen stop Stops program execution val1 data 2 Initialises a store location val1 with the value 2 in it val2 data. 3 Initialises a store location val2 with the value 3 in it keyin1 data 0 Initialises a store location keyin1 with the value 0 in it keyin2 data 0 Initialises a store location keyin2 with the value 0 in it display data 0 Initialises a store location display with the value 0 in it total data 0 Initialises a store location total with the value 0 in it 3. Write a TOM program that displays two numbers, entered from the keyboard, in descending numerical order. read keyin1 Reads data inputted by keyboard and stores in the store location keyin1 read keyin2. Reads data inputted by keyboard and stores in the store location keyin2 load keyin1 Loads data from the store location keyin1 in to the accumulator sub keyin2 Subtracts the store location keyin2 from the accumulator jifz lower Transfers control to the instruction lower if the zero flag is set print keyin1 Displays contents of the store location keyin1 on the screen print keyin2 Displays contents of the store location keyin2 on the screen stop Stops program execution lower print keyin2 Displays contents of the store location keyin2 on the screen print keyin1. Displays contents of the store location keyin1 on the screen stop Stops program execution keyin1 data 0 Initialises a store location keyin1 with the value 0 in it keyin2 data 0 Initialises a store location keyin2 with the value 0 in it 4. Write a TOM program that reads a number N from the keyboard and displays the sum of all integers from 1 to N i. e. 1+2+3+†¦ +N. read keyin. Reads data inputted by keyboard and stores in the store location keyin loop load sofar Loads data from the store location sofar in to the accumulator add one Adds the store location one to the accumulator store sofar Stores value in accumulator in the store location sofar add total Adds the store location total to the accumulator store total Stores value in accumulator in the store location total load sofar Loads data from the store location sofar in to the accumulator sub keyin Subtracts the store location keyin from the accumulator jifn loop. Transfers control to the instruction loop if the sign flag is set print total Displays contents of the store location total on the screen stop Stops program execution keyin data 0 Initialises a store location keyin with the value 0 in it one data 1 Initialises a store location one with the value 1 in it sofar data 0 Initialises a store location sofar with the value 0 in it total data 0 Initialises a store location total with the value 0 in it Alternatively, a more mathematical approach would be to use the below program. Observing the numbers inputted and outputted from the above program, I was able to find a relationship between the two numbers, this can be summarised by the below formula: (N x 0. 5) + 0. 5 x N = TOTAL The program using the above formula is simpler to write, uses far less processor cycles, and therefore far more efficient. read keyin Reads data inputted by keyboard and stores in the store location keyin load keyin Loads data from the store location keyin in to the accumulator mult val Multiplies. the accumulator by the store location val add val Adds the store location val to the accumulator mult keyin Multiplies the accumulator by the store location keyin store total Stores value in accumulator in the store location total print total Displays contents of the store location total on the screen stop Stops program execution keyin data 0 Initialises a store location keyin with the value 0 in it val data . 5 Initialises a store location val with the value 0. 5 in it total data 0 Initialises a store location total with the value 0 in it TOM2 1. A mobile telephone company, Odear, makes a monthly standing charge of i 12. 50 and charges 5 pence per local call. Write a TOM program that reads the amount of calls made and displays the total monthly bill. read calls Reads data inputted by keyboard and stores in the store location calls load calls Loads data from the store location calls in to the accumulator mult rate Multiplies the accumulator by the store location rate add standing Adds the store location standing to the accumulator store total Stores value in accumulator in the store location total print total Displays contents of the store location total on the screen stop Stops program execution total data. 0 Initialises a store location total with the value 0 in it calls data 0 Initialises a store location calls with the value 0 in it standing data 12. 50 Initialises a store location standing with the value 12. 50 in it rate data . 05 Initialises a store location rate with the value . 05 in it 2. Expand your program of (1) so that the program jumps back to the beginning, ready to calculate another bill instead of ending. start read calls Reads data inputted by keyboard and stores in the store location calls load calls Loads data from the store location calls in to the accumulator mult rate. Multiplies the accumulator by the store location rate add standing Adds the store location standing to the accumulator store total Stores value in accumulator in the store location total print total Displays contents of the store location total on the screen jump start Transfers control to the instruction start stop Stops program execution total data 0 Initialises a store location total with the value 0 in it calls data 0 Initialises a store location calls with the value 0 in it standing data 12. 50 Initialises a store location standing with the value 12. 50 in it rate data . 05 Initialises a store location rate with the value . 05 in it 3. What’s wrong with the program in (2)? The program has no way of ending (normally), and will therefore loop continuously. 4. Modify (2) so that if the user enters 0 for the number of units the program terminates. start read calls Reads data inputted by keyboard and stores in the store location calls load calls Loads data from the store location calls in to the accumulator sub check Subtracts the store location check from the accumulator jifz end Transfers control to the instruction end if the zero flag is set mult rate. Multiplies the accumulator by the store location rate add standing Adds the store location standing to the accumulator store total Stores value in accumulator in the store location total print total Displays contents of the store location total on the screen jump start Transfers control to the instruction start end stop Stops program execution total data 0 Initialises a store location total with the value 0 in it calls data 0 Initialises a store location calls with the value 0 in it standing data 12. 50 Initialises a store location standing with the value 12. 50 in it rate data . 05 Initialises a store location rate with the value . 05 in it check data 0 Initialises a store location check with the value 0 in it 5. Now modify (4) so that the user can tell the system how many bills to calculate and the program terminates after running that many times. read billnum Reads data inputted by keyboard and stores in the store location billnum start read calls Reads data inputted by keyboard and stores in the store location calls load calls Loads data from the store location calls in to the accumulator mult rate Multiplies the accumulator by the store location rate add standing. Adds the store location standing to the accumulator store total Stores value in accumulator in the store location total print total Displays contents of the store location total on the screen load billnum Loads data from the store location billnum in to the accumulator sub billsub Subtracts the store location billsub from the accumulator store billnum Stores value in accumulator in the store location billnum jifz end Transfers control to the instruction end if the zero flag is set jump start. Transfers control to the instruction start end stop Stops program execution total data 0 Initialises a store location total with the value 0 in it calls data 0 Initialises a store location calls with the value 0 in it standing data 12. 50 Initialises a store location standing with the value 12. 50 in it rate data . 05 Initialises a store location rate with the value . 05 in it billnum data 0 Initialises a store location billnum with the value 0 in it billsub data 1 Initialises a store location billsub with the value 1 in it 6. Finally, modify the program of (5) so that the user can first enter the price per unit, and the standing charge. Read rate Reads data inputted by keyboard and stores in the store location rate read standing Reads data inputted by keyboard and stores in the store location standing read billnum Reads data inputted by keyboard and stores in the store location billnum start read calls Reads data inputted by keyboard and stores in the store location calls load calls Loads data from the store location calls in to the accumulator mult rate Multiplies the accumulator by the store location rate add standing. Adds the store location standing to the accumulator store total Stores value in accumulator in the store location total print total Displays contents of the store location total on the screen load billnum Loads data from the store location billnum in to the accumulator sub billsub Subtracts the store location billsub from the accumulator store billnum Stores value in accumulator in the store location billnum jifz end Transfers control to the instruction end if the zero flag is set jump start. Transfers control to the instruction start end stop Stops program execution total data 0 Initialises a store location total with the value 0 in it calls data 0 Initialises a store location calls with the value 0 in it standing data 0 Initialises a store location standing with the value 0 in it rate data 0 Initialises a store location rate with the value 0 in it billnum data 0 Initialises a store location billnum with the value 0 in it billsub data 1 Initialises a store location billsub with the value 1 in it Modifications in TOM2 In question 1, the program initialises four store locations; rate to store the standard call rate of 0. 5, standing to store the standing charge of 12. 50, calls to store the number of calls made and total to store the total bill. The programs reads a value inputted by the user (number of calls), multiplies this value by the call rate, adds the standing order and displays it. Question 2 introduces a loop after the total has been displayed to the start of the program so that user may calculate another bill, this however is not ideal as there is no correct way to terminate the program normally. Question 4 combats this problem by allowing the user to enter 0 to terminate the program. This is done by introducing an additional store location called check with the value 0 assigned to it. The program subtracts check from the number of calls entered, if the result is 0 (0 – 0 = 0) then the zero flag is set, the jifz statement then transfers control to the end of the program, where it terminates normally. Question 5, in addition to the store location used in question 1 introduces two more; billnum to store the number of bills required and billsub, a store location containing the value 1. The user initially enters the number of bills required, this is stored in billnum, the program then calculates the bill in same way as question 1. After the bill has been displayed, the program subtracts billsub (1) from the number of bills, if the result is zero (ie no more bill to calculate) the zero flag is set, and using the jifz statement jumps to the end of the program. If the zero flag is not set (more bills to calculate) the program is looped back to enter more bill details. Question 6, allows the user to enter the standing charge, rate of calls and number of bills before the bills are calculated, these are stored in their respective locations (standing, rate and billnum) before the program continues to execute in the same way as question 5. CSO Tutorial 4 Exercise 2. 1 We wish to compare the performance of two different machines: M1 and M2. The following measurements have been made on these machines: Program Time on M1 Time on M2 1 10 seconds 5 seconds 2 3 seconds 4 seconds Which machine is faster for each program and by how much? For program 1, M2 is 5 seconds(or 100%) faster than M1. For program 2, M1 is 1 second (or 25%) faster than M2. Exercise 2. 2 Consider the two machines and programs in Exercise 2. 1. The following additional measurements were made: Program. Instructions executed on M1 Instructions executed on M2 1 200 x 106 160 x 106 Find the instruction execution rate (instructions per second) for each machine running program 1. Instructions executed = Instructions per second (instruction execution rate) time(seconds) M1 200000000 = 20000000 10 = 20 x 106 Instructions per second or 20 Million Instructions per second M2 160000000 = 32000000 5 = 32 x 106 Instructions per second or 32 Million Instructions per second Exercise 2. 3 If the clock rates of machines M1 and M2 in Ex 2. 1 are 200 MHz and 300 MHz respectively, find the clock cycles per instruction (CPI) for program 1 on both machines using the data in Ex 2. 1 & 2. 2. Clock rate = clock cycles per instruction (CPI) Instruction execution rate M1 200000000 = 10 clock cycles per instruction (CPI) 20000000 M2 300000000 = 9. 375 clock cycles per instruction (CPI) 32000000 Question 4 Draw a full flowchart of the final TOM program produced at the end of exercise TOM2. This should include all the instructions, loops and all the program labels in the appropriate places.

Indian Mythology And The Mahabharata - 1219 Words

INTRODUCTION In Mythologies across the world there have been innumerable references to non-heterosexuality. Hindu mythology tells of women becoming men, such as Shikhandi, and men becoming women, in the case of Vishnu who turns Mohini. There are also stories of men creating children without women and vice versa, Nara and Narayana who gave birth to Urvashi, and the boneless Bhagirath who was born of two women. Even the languages of this country, Sanskrit, Prakrit and Tamil have words like kliba, napumsaka, mukhabhaga, pedi, etc that point to familiarity with non heterosexual behavior and thought. This paper deals specifically with the character of Shikhandi, from the Mahabharata, in retellings of the epic. Indian mythology is a work in progress, that is to say a story, told and retold over generations, develops its own sub-plots, introduces new characters and relatable events and changes perspectives according to the storyteller. This is especially true of the epics oh Hindu mythology, the Ramayana and the Mahabharata. The Mahabharata reached its final form somewhere between 300 BCE and 300 CE. It is generally thought that it was initially a simple folk story. With each retelling, it was â€Å"appropriated, Sanskrit-ized, and sanitized by Brahmins†. Earlier the book was known as Jaya, with 8,800 verses, attributed to Vyasa; Bharata with 24,000 verses as recited by Vaisampayana, and finally the Mahabharata as told by Ugrasrava Sauti exceeding 100,000 verses. The present versionShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Influence of Injustice to Women in Hindu Mythology1645 Words   |  7 Pagesoriginated from mythology. Hindu mythology repeatedly reinforces gendering in Indian society, in which the males have a certain point to prove and the females are forced to sacrifice their own happiness. In the Ramayana, a ruthless villain Ravan kidnaps Sita. 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